Bit for



HORATIO MCGRATH, OF MEIGS CREEK, OHIO.

BIT' FOR BORING FELLIES AND TENONING SPOKES.

Speccaton of Letters Patent No. 14,105, dated January 15, 1856.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, Honarro MoGRA'rr-I, of Meigs Creek7 in the county ofMorgan and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Machines for Tenoning Spokes and Boring Fellies, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawing, which forms part of thisspecification, and in which Figure l represents a view in perspective ofmy machine and Fig. 2 is a similar view of a boring bit det-ached fromthe machine.

y machine consists of a vise of peculiar construction by which the spokeor the felly is securely held, of a carriage to support the cutting bitssliding upon an adjustable guide bar which can be set to bore the fellyor to cut the tenon on the spoke at any required angle, and of animproved tenon cutter and mort-ising auger.

In the drawing A is the vise of the machine. It consists of a block ofwood in which a deep cavity B is made to receive the spoke; a slidingclamp block C is itted to this cavity and is operated by a screw a whichworks in a nut formed in a bar Z) crossing the open top of the cavityand secured to the upper surface of the vise block. The head of thisscrew is furnished with handles by which it is turned to clamp the spokebetween the hollow face of the clampblock and the curved bottom of thecavity.

The vise-block is perforated longitudinally beneath the botto-m of thecavity and a rod D having a screw cut upon its hinder extremity c ispassed through it; the front end of this rod is furnished with a. forkedjaw E between which and the face of the vise block the felly to be boredis clamped by turning a nut upon the hinder extremity of the rod D bymeans of a crank F or a wrench.

The guide bar G on which the carriage which supports the cutting bitsslides extends beneath the center of the vise-block from its hinderextremity forward to a suficient distance beyond its front extremity toallow of the sliding of the carriage to operate upon the longest spokeor the thickest felly. It is connected with the vise block by twoadjustable sliding frames H, H, the one at the front and the other atthe hinder extremity of the vise block; these are each. composed of twoupright side-pieces sliding in guides Z secured to the sides of thevise-block. The upper extremities of the side pieces are connected by across bar to which a screw c is fitted which works in a nut f' securedto the vise block in such manner that by turning the screw the wholeframe may be raised or depressed; the lower extremities of the sidepieces are also connected by a cross-bar which is perforated to receivethe guide bar, and which is connected with the side pieces in suchmanner that it can be turned upon its axis to accommodate itself to thevaried position of the guide bar; the latter is passed through the lowercross-bar of the front frame and is secured in that of the hinder frame.

A sliding carriage I is mounted upon the guide bar to support thecutting-bits; these are of two descriptions, the one for boring conicalmortise in the felly, and the other for cutting a corresponding conicaltenon on the spoke. The former, (see Fig. 2) consist of a single twistcylindrical auger g attached to a tapering shell pod h secured to ashank z' which is tted to turn in holes formed in the uprights j, y', ofthe sliding carriage. The cutting edges of the cylindrical auger iirstentering the wood bore a cylindrical hole which receives a tapering formfrom the cutting edge of the shell pod as the lat-ter follows the,twisted auger. The tenoning bitor hollow auger consists of a cylindricalshell J, with cutting knives, secured to a shank e" fitted to turn inthe bearings in the uprights of the sliding carriage. This cylindricalshell is flanged at it-s open end and is fitted with two bent knives la,7c, those cutting edges of the latter which form the conical surface ofthe tenon are bent spirally in order to shave the tenon with greaterfacility, and approach each other as they recede from the open end ofthe auger in order to form a conical tenon. The remaining cutting partsof the knives are bent outward parallel with the flanged face of thecylindrical shell, and cut the shoulder of the tenon while their spiraledges give the proper tapering form. In order to increase the etiiciencyof the tool thus described, additional cutters Z are added which, beingset by screws in any desired position, precede the face of the shell andreduce the rough spoke while the knives 7c k, finish the tenon. Theshanks of the additional knives when not acting are slid back in slots min the cylindrical shell and the cutting edges are received in recessesn formed on t-he iange.

In order to tenon a spoke with the machine thus described, the shank ofthe bit J is litted to the sliding carriage and a collar L is applied toit to prevent it from moving longitudinallyin the uprights j, The angleof inclination of the aXis of the tenon to be formed is adjusted byaltering the position of the frames H H by means of their screws e, e;and the` gage collar O which limits the movement of the sliding carriageis set to the length of the tenon required. The machine is then clampedupon the spoke, which passes through the cavity of the vise block, bymeans of the clamp block, care being taken to adjust it to the spoke atthe proper distance from the center of the hub of the wheel. Power isthen applied to the bit by means of a brace applied to the squaredextremity of its shank, and as it is turned and pressed against theprojecting end of the spoke, the cutters and knives acting upon itquickly cut the tenon. When the sliding carriage strikes the gage collarthe operation is completed, the bit is drawn back, the machine isunclamped from the tenoned spoke, is attached to a new one and theoperation is repeated. It will be perceived that by this arrangement ofmachine,

the tenons of all the spokes of a wheel will be cut exactly of the samesize, and with the same disk or inclination to the axle, and as theellies are all bored by the saine tapering bit to the same depth thetime and trouble required in iitting each spoke to its felly in theordinary way is saved, while the work is finished in a more accuratemanner.

When the machine is used for boring fellies the latter are clampedbetween the forked jaw E and the face of the vise block, the boring bit(Fig. 2) is then fitted to the sliding carriage and manipulated in thesame manner as the tenoning bit.

l/Vhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentisl. The single twist auger with a tapering shell pod for the purpose ofboring and tapering a mortise at one operation as herein described.

2. I likewise claim the tenon auger constructed as herein described withits auxiliary adjust-able cutter to reduce the supertluous timber andwith its finishing bits arranged to eut a tapering tenon with a sh0ulderat right angles to its axis.

HORATIO MCGRATH.

Witnesses:

JAMES I-I. LUTGEN, VILLIAM BLEAKNOR.

